Journal of Integrative Dermatology
type: channel
description: The Journal of Integrative Dermatology publishes information concerning the skin and external and internal factors that modulate its function, health, and disease. The Journal of Integrative Dermatology is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal committed to the highest standards of rigor and relevance spanning multidisciplinary fields represented in integrative dermatology, including but not limited to conventional treatments and pharmaceuticals, naturopathic medicine, ayurveda, energy medicine, lifestyle medicine, nutrition, microbiome, gut health, functional medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine. The Journal of Integrative Dermatology is the first of its kind, expanding the rigorous evidence around interdisciplinary modalities in cutaneous science.
language: en
publication name: Journal of Integrative Dermatology
items: Beyond the Prescription Pad: A Guide to Over-the-Counter Itch Management
items: Skinfluencers: Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Consumer-to-Consumer Advice on Social Media for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
items: A Systematic Comparison of Quantity and Composition Across Animal and Plant-Based Protein Isolates
items: Triphala in Dermatology: A Systematic Review
items: The Effect of Biologics on the Cutaneous Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis: A Review
items: Beyond Benzoyl Peroxide: The New Landscape of Over-the-counter Therapies for Acne
items: Mindfulness-Based Techniques in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
items: Role of dietary intervention in the management of selected skin diseases: A systematic review
items: Association between protein gap and disease severity of hidradenitis suppurativa
items: The Gut-Skin Axis: Exploring the Role of SCFAs, Obesity, and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Atopic Dermatitis
items: Hydrotherapy in Dermatology Past, Present and Future
items: Increased Popularity of Goat Milk Soap: Analyzing Five Years of Google Trends
items: Review of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dietary Supplementation in Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorders
items: A Review on Homemade Sunscreen
items: Stasis Dermatitis: A Review of Differential Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Current Treatment Options
items: Manipulating the Microbiome: What is Known, What is Unknown?
items: Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review
items: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Integrative Dermatology Symposium, Sacramento, CA
items: Integrative Therapies for Warts and Molluscum Contagiosum
items: A comprehensive review of topical bakuchiol for the treatment of photoaging
items: A Clinician’s Guide to Counseling about Prescription Medication Risks in Atopic Dermatitis
items: Chronic Actinic Dermatitis treatment with Dupilumab: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
items: Dermatological Side Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations
items: Integrative Approaches to Skin Cancer Chemoprevention and Sun Protection: Beyond Sunscreen
items: Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Alopecia Areata
items: Hypochlorous Acid: Applications in Dermatology
items: Integrative approaches to hyperpigmentation therapy
items: Lifestyle Modifications for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Beyond Diet: A Narrative Review
items: Dermoscopy: Past and Present
items: The role of trace elements in dermatology: a systematic review

Beyond the Prescription Pad: A Guide to Over-the-Counter Itch Management
type: item
description: Itch is a common and often distressing symptom that significantly impacts quality of life. While identifying and treating the underlying cause is ideal, this is not always immediately possible. Fortunately, there are many effective therapies for managing itch, but they may not be accessible or suitable for every patient. In the meantime, over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and techniques remain essential for many and are often used in conjunction with prescription therapies. This review focuses on accessible OTC options to help manage itch.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Itch
  topic: keywords
subject: Over-the-counter
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Remedies
  topic: keywords
subject: Cooling
  topic: keywords
creator: Duncan MacIntyre, BS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
doi: 10.64550/joid.0sjtt120

Skinfluencers: Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Consumer-to-Consumer Advice on Social Media for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
type: item
description: Within the popular social media application TikTok, users can instantly post videos up to ten minutes long on any topic they choose. Numerous TikTok users have posted their advice on treating acne vulgaris. However, since there is no surveillance of the information posted, the accuracy and safety of the recommendations shared by non-healthcare professionals are called into question. This review examines the standard acne treatment options shared by consumers on TikTok and aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of each treatment. A search was conducted on the TikTok platform for recommendations on acne treatment. As this review focuses on consumer-to-consumer advice, all videos posted by healthcare professionals were excluded from consideration. A list of common recommendations was compiled, and a literature search was conducted to identify the implications for treating acne. Findings show common themes in advice, including dietary changes, oral supplement recommendations, and lifestyle modifications. By examining content shared on easily accessible social media platforms like TikTok, consumers and providers can stay well-informed about current trends in acne treatment, receiving up-to-date advice on the safety and efficacy of these treatments.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Acne vulgaris
  topic: keywords
subject: TikTok
  topic: keywords
subject: Social media
  topic: keywords
creator: Amanda Hunt, MD
creator: Taylor Elshaw, BS
creator: Tala Maya, BS
creator: Esther Frenkel, BS
creator: Erin Hallman, BS
creator: Simran Agarwal, MS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-07-23
publication date: 2025-07-23
doi: 10.64550/joid.5zvt6508

A Systematic Comparison of Quantity and Composition Across Animal and Plant-Based Protein Isolates
type: item
description: # Relevance Proteins, composed of amino acids, play a critical role in muscle synthesis, metabolism, and immune function. Protein isolates, derived from animal and plant sources, vary in their amino acid compositions and are frequently used to supplement dietary protein intake. # Methods This study aims to compare the amino acid profiles of nine protein isolates focusing on their relative deficiencies and abundances. We selected protein isolates from animal-based (whey, casein, beef, egg white) and plant-based (soy, pea, rice, pumpkin seed, hemp seed) sources for comparison. Data of the average quantities of amino acids from at least four brands per protein type were extracted. The amino acid compositions were compared relative to each other and against whey isolate. Z-scores and test statistics were used to quantify comparisons and assign ranks. # Results Egg-white, soy, and pea protein contained no relative amino acid deficiencies. Beef, rice, and hemp seed-based protein isolates were deficient in several amino acids. The leucine content was highest in whey and pea protein sources. High leucine content may inform dietary recommendations due to its association with muscle synthesis and activation of mTOR, linked to aging, insulin resistance, and inflammatory skin conditions. Arginine plays a role in nitric oxide and collagen production and was found to be more abundant in plant-based protein sources (pumpkin seed, pea, and hemp seed) compared to whey.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: amino acids
  topic: keywords
subject: protien
  topic: keywords
creator: Krisha Tripathy, BSA
creator: Anurag Tarmaster, BS
creator: Ajay S. Dulai, MBBS, MSc
creator: Anissa Gabrin, BS
creator: Raja Sivamani, MD, MS, AP
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
doi: 10.64550/joid.9a3e6s28

Triphala in Dermatology: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: # Relevance For millennia, Ayurvedic herbs have maintained deep cultural importance due to their wide range of applications as medicinal products. In recent decades, these herbs have gained increasing attention from the scientific community for their potential benefits on skin and hair. # Objective Because of the growing body of research supporting the dermatologic use of Ayurvedic ingredients, we aimed to summarize the available studies investigating the effect of Triphala (_Terminalia bellerica_, _T. chebula_, and _Phyllanthus emblica_) and Terminalia arjuna on skin and hair. # Methods We conducted a systematic review using PubMed with the search terms (Terminalia bellerica OR Beleric Myrobalan OR Bahera OR Bibhitaki OR Terminalia chebula OR Chebulic Myrobalan OR Black Myrobalan OR Haritaki OR Terminalia arjuna OR Phyllanthus emblica OR Emblica officinalis OR Amla OR Indian gooseberry OR Triphala) AND (skin OR hair). # Results 60 articles, which included randomized controlled trials, uncontrolled trials, animal studies, and cell culture/molecular studies, met inclusion criteria. These studies explored anti-aging properties (n=22), antioxidant activity (n=14), protection against ultraviolet radiation (n=8), anti-cancer properties (n=3), and wound healing (n=9), in addition to the treatment of conditions including hair loss (n=8), head lice (n=1), vitiligo (n=1), scalp seborrhea (n=1), psoriasis (n=1), melasma (n=2), atopic dermatitis (n=1), and tinea corporis (n=1). # Conclusion Though the studies described here demonstrate substantial evidence that Ayurvedic species promote the health of skin and hair, larger clinical trials are now needed to further explore the therapeutic potential, safety profile, and pharmacokinetics of these herbs.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Ayurvedic medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Triphala
  topic: keywords
subject: Phyllanthus emblica
  topic: keywords
subject: Terminalia chebula
  topic: keywords
subject: Terminalia bellerica
  topic: keywords
subject: Ascorbic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Gallic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Terminalia arjuna
  topic: keywords
subject: Skin
  topic: keywords
subject: hair
  topic: keywords
creator: Alexandra Kiszluk, M.D.
creator: Peter Lio, M.D.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.64550/joid.0y0qtz33

The Effect of Biologics on the Cutaneous Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis: A Review
type: item
description: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry patches, itch, and rash that create a burden for patients. A driving factor behind AD pathogenesis and disease severity is dysbiosis. This narrative review explores the effect of different biologic therapies on shifting the microbiome composition to a less inflammatory state and its impact on AD.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: microbiome
  topic: keywords
subject: eczema
  topic: keywords
subject: biologic therapies
  topic: keywords
creator: Isabella Lewin, B.S.
creator: Peter Lio, M.D.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.64550/joid.yfyf1751

Beyond Benzoyl Peroxide: The New Landscape of Over-the-counter Therapies for Acne
type: item
description: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition that primarily affects the pilosebaceous units, leading to comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules.^1^ This condition affects approximately 9.4% of the global population, making it the eighth most common disease worldwide.^2^ It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, with a significant psychosocial impact, including diminished self-esteem and increased risk of depression.^2^ Traditionally, over-the-counter (OTC) treatments have been limited to agents like benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid. However, recent advancements have introduced a variety of novel OTC therapies including topical probiotics and concentrated oxygen therapies which are gaining attention. Given the expanding array of OTC options and their accessibility, a comprehensive review of current therapies is essential to guide evidence-based clinical recommendations. To evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of established and emerging OTC acne treatments, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library searches were conducted with terms included “acne vulgaris,” “over-the-counter treatments,” “topical therapies,” and specific agents. Many OTC acne therapies show antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and small clinical trials. Established agents like adapalene and benzoyl peroxide had the strongest clinical evidence. Emerging options such as phage therapy and probiotics are promising but require further validation. OTC acne treatments continue to diversify, offering new options beyond legacy therapies. While some newer agents are mechanistically compelling, high-quality studies are needed to define their role in acne management.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Acne vulgaris
  topic: keywords
subject: salicylic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: OTC acne therapies
  topic: keywords
subject: sulfur
  topic: keywords
subject: benzoyl peroxide
  topic: keywords
creator: Yeanna Moon, B.A.
creator: Peter Lio, M.D.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.64550/joid.2gybwa46

Mindfulness-Based Techniques in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is known to have many negative effects on mental health and quality of life, with pruritus, pain, and sleep disturbance as major contributors. Mind-body therapies which address the emotional and behavioral impacts of stress in AD are of increasing interest including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Habit Reversal Therapy (HRT), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Mindfulness-based integrative therapies for AD show improvements in disease severity, QoL, and psychological outcomes. This review highlights evidence of MBSR, ACT, IBMS, CBT, and relaxation interventions. It is critical for providers to have an understanding of how they work and when to use them.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: eczema
  topic: keywords
subject: mindfulness
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Habit Reversal Therapy (HRT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)
  topic: keywords
creator: Nicole B. Khalil, B.S
creator: Elise Edwards, B.A.
creator: Peter Lio, M.D.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.64550/joid.mkexbj62

Role of dietary intervention in the management of selected skin diseases: A systematic review
type: item
description: # Relevance Dietary intervention in the management of skin disease is underutilized in medical practice and could be a means for patients to optimize skin health as well as overall physical and mental well-being. Summarizing existing literature can serve as a catalyst to increase research efforts focusing on dietary intervention and skin disease management which may inform the way dermatologists provide care to their patients. # Objective Dietary intervention is a commonly used option to improve physical and mental health with many evidence-based associations in improving prognoses of diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, depression, among many other conditions. The role of dietary intervention in the management of skin disease remains limited. Understanding its role may improve the options for care dermatologists may provide to their patients. # Methods A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Registrar between January 1st, 1985 and December 31st, 2023 was conducted. Studies included were case reports, clinical trials, controlled studies, comparative studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Review papers were excluded. # Results Results showed that dietary intervention improves symptom severity among atopic dermatitis, acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, and psoriasis patients. # Conclusion While data shows positive associations between use of dietary intervention and decrease in symptom severity, future small and large-cohort randomized controlled trials with placebo and intervention groups are warranted.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: diet
  topic: keywords
subject: psoriasis
  topic: keywords
subject: hidradenitis suppurativa
  topic: keywords
subject: atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: acne
  topic: keywords
creator: Vrusha K. Shah, MPH
creator: Theresa Tran, MD
creator: Selina J. Chang, BS
creator: Alana Sadur, BS
creator: Peter A. Lio, MD
creator: Sonal Choudhary, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
doi: 10.64550/joid.6xqjpf49

Association between protein gap and disease severity of hidradenitis suppurativa
type: item
description: # Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by chronic follicular occlusion in intertriginous regions. Although other lab markers such as c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) have classically been used to assess degree of inflammation in HS, the correlation between protein gap, or the difference between total protein and albumin, and HS has not been previously investigated. In this study, we aim to characterize the relationship between protein gap and severity of HS. # Methods Data was obtained through retrospective chart review of patients seen in the Duke Dermatology’s HS Clinic with at least 1 follow-up appointment between 7/1/2018-7/1/2021. A one-factor ANOVA with post hoc testing and Pearson’s rho were used to compare the relationship between protein gap, Hurley Stage, and International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4). # Results A total of 113 patients, with mean age of 41 years, were included in this study. 62% of patients identified as Black, 82% as female, and the average BMI of participants was 34.92. At their initial visit, included patients had a median (Q1-Q3) IHS4 score of 8 (2-28) and protein gap of 3.6 g/dL (3.2-4.5). We found that protein gap has a moderate to strong positive correlation with disease severity as measured by log (IHS4) and initial protein gap. Multivariable analysis further demonstrated that protein gap is associated with higher IHS4 scores. # Conclusion Protein gap could be a useful adjunct in evaluating the severity of HS. Further research is needed to clarify the role of protein gap in longitudinal data and/or response to therapy in HS patients.
subject: Concise Communication
  topic: section
subject: protein gap
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: hidradenitis suppurativa
  topic: keywords
creator: Jennifer Panara, MD
creator: Simon W. Jiang, MD
creator: Winston Liu, BS
creator: Amy J. Petty, MD PhD
creator: Jeffrey Kwock, MD
creator: Beiyu Liu, PhD
creator: Cynthia L. Green, PhD
creator: Tarannum Jaleel, MD MHSc
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
doi: 10.64550/joid.kmwfv319

The Gut-Skin Axis: Exploring the Role of SCFAs, Obesity, and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Atopic Dermatitis
type: item
description: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by itching, erythema, and skin barrier dysfunction, has seen a global rise in prevalence alongside increasing rates of obesity. Emerging evidence highlights the gut-skin axis—a bidirectional communication network between gut microbiota and skin—as a critical link between these conditions. Central to this axis are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial metabolites such as butyrate, propionate, and acetate, which exert anti-inflammatory effects and enhance skin barrier integrity. Obesity, associated with gut dysbiosis and reduced SCFA levels, exacerbates AD severity by impairing immune regulation and barrier function. This review explores the mechanistic links between obesity, SCFAs, and AD, emphasizing the role of the gut-skin axis. Additionally, it considers the potential role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, conventionally used for type 2 diabetes and obesity, in AD pathogenesis. GLP-1 receptor agonists modulate gut microbiota, enhance SCFA production, and reduce systemic inflammation, potentially improving AD outcomes. While their direct application in AD remains underexplored, these agents represent an intriguing area for future investigation. Advancing this promising frontier in dermatology will require interdisciplinary collaboration and longitudinal studies to address gaps in understanding the gut-skin axis, SCFA mechanisms, and the potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in AD.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
  topic: keywords
subject: Gut Skin Axis
  topic: keywords
subject: Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists
  topic: keywords
subject: Gut Microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic Inflammation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sophia A. Mense, BS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
doi: 10.64550/joid.z0sn1173

Hydrotherapy in Dermatology Past, Present and Future
type: item
description: The Hydrotherapy Center and Avène Thermal Spring Water are known for their soothing properties to treat skin concerns. In 1874, the French government declared them to be an official "public benefit.” In 1966, the Hydrotherapy Center was approved for reimbursement by the French Healthcare System and is available as a treatment for a variety of skin conditions. The obvious obstacle for scaling this treatment to benefit more patients, is the location of the Hydrotherapy Center in France which is geographically self-limiting A panel of US dermatologists convened at the hydrotherapy center, Avène France to understand the patient benefit of the 3-week treatment utilizing the water from its natural source, used in-conjunction with specific postbiotic topical products for patients with inflammatory skin conditions. A primary objective was to come to a consensus on how therapy inspired by the Avène hydrotherapy treatment could be implemented utilizing this thermal spring water and postbiotic skincare products as a standalone treatment and in conjunction with other conventional treatments.
subject: Perspective, Opinion, Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Hydrotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Atopic Dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Psoriasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflammatory Skin Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Postbiotic
  topic: keywords
subject: Eczema
  topic: keywords
creator: Cheryl Barry
creator: Robert Sidbury, MD MPH
creator: Karan Lal, DO MS FAAD
creator: Alexandra K Golant, MD
creator: Mara Weinstein Velez, MD FAAD
creator: Geeta Patel, DO
creator: Jing (Jenny) Liu, MD FAAD
creator: Hee Jin Koh, MD
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
doi: 10.64550/joid.9k2bj967

Increased Popularity of Goat Milk Soap: Analyzing Five Years of Google Trends
type: item
description: In recent years, patients have sought out alternative, non-pharmacologic therapies to manage their atopic dermatitis. Accordingly, goat milk soap (GMS) is a product that has gained increasing popularity as its sales have been driven by online consumer endorsements promising significant improvement in the overall health, hydration, and appearance of the skin. As patients continue to utilize the internet for health recommendations, Google remains a primary source of information. Using a Google Trends analysis, our study aimed to analyze the popularity of GMS on Google. Authors queried all searches in the United States from January 2018 through December 2023 using the terms “goat soap” and “eczema soap” as well as the topic “Goat Milk Soap”. Within the aforementioned timeframe, the interest in the term “goat soap” was greater than all other categories, including the term “eczema soap”. All searches demonstrated a positive trend, with searches for “goat soap” and “goat milk soap” having positive trends of +0.44 and +0.61 respectively. These results highlight the growing interest in GMS over the last five years, despite a lack of clinical evidence supporting the claimed benefits. Few studies discuss the potential benefits of using goat milk-containing products, highlighting their anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and moisturizing properties as well as their potential use for atopic dermatitis. Therefore, there is a need for further research in this area so that providers within the dermatology community are able to offer well- informed recommendations to atopic dermatitis patients.
subject: Concise Communication
  topic: section
subject: eczema
  topic: keywords
subject: atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: goat milk
  topic: keywords
subject: goat milk soap
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative dermatology
  topic: keywords
subject: gentle soap
  topic: keywords
creator: Marissa Yaldo
creator: Meghan Mansour
creator: Geoffrey Potts
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-08-28
publication date: 2025-08-28
doi: 10.64550/joid.71mc2x46

Review of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dietary Supplementation in Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorders
type: item
description: # Relevance Dietary supplements are commonly used by patients to enhance skin health and for the treatment of cutaneous disorders. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is not authorized to approve the efficacy or safety of dietary supplements prior to public marketing. Therefore, evidence-based medicine is needed for dermatologists to better counsel patients regarding the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements for chronic conditions, such as acne vulgaris, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rosacea. # Objective To provide an up to date review of the effects of oral supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids (O3FA) such as docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) on cutaneous inflammatory conditions in the literature. This systematic review examines O3FA’s impact on acne vulgaris, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rosacea; ultimately, to determine the efficacy and safety of supplementation. # Methods A comprehensive electronic search with EPA and DHA for acne vulgaris, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rosacea in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Embase, and Google Scholar yielded 99 articles. Duplicate, non-English articles, animal studies, and irrelevant articles were excluded. These parameters resulted in 79 articles excluded as they did not meet study qualifications. Initially there were 20 articles included but during the writing process, three additional articles were published, bringing the final total to 23 articles in this review. # Results Dietary supplementation of O3FAs resulted in varying significance in the improvement of acne vulgaris due to limited studies, small sample sizes, and lack of control groups. While the majority of articles included for psoriasis demonstrated improvement in clinical symptoms, most of the studies for atopic dermatitis did not indicate significant enhancement. Lastly, one placebo controlled study showed O3FA supplementation effectively treated dry eye symptoms associated with ocular rosacea. # Con…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Acne
  topic: keywords
subject: Atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Ocular rosacea
  topic: keywords
subject: Psoriasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Omega-3 fatty acids
  topic: keywords
subject: Docosahexaenoic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: DHA
  topic: keywords
subject: Eicosapentaenoic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Omega-3
  topic: keywords
creator: Rita El Jbeily, BSE
creator: Caitlyn Babi, BS
creator: Katia Hermes, BS
creator: Raneem Sabbaq
creator: Alyssa Abdelnour, BS MD
creator: Sarah Shareef, BS MD
creator: Kaitlin Kreuser, BS MD
creator: Jessica Maloh, ND
creator: Kurt Ashack, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-08-27
publication date: 2025-08-27
doi: 10.64550/joid.dc39qy52

A Review on Homemade Sunscreen
type: item
description: # Background The making of homemade versions of sunscreens is becoming a popular movement across social media platforms, as proponents claim these alternatives are safer and effective. There is a scarcity of information on the make-up of common homemade recipes and the ways in which they compare to FDA-approved sunscreens. # Objective This review discusses the main components and implications of social media-derived homemade sunscreen alternatives. # Methods We conducted a review of the common ingredients used in homemade sunscreen recipes. # Results Common homemade sunscreen recipes are composed of a base of sun protective filter, a water protective agent, an emollient oil, and an essential oil. The self-made versions are thought to be effective alternatives without the addition of harmful ingredients. Though many of these recipes contain more natural ingredients, they do not undergo the same scientific testing protocols to offer information on sun protective factor and safety. # Discussion Understanding the limitations of homemade skincare alternatives may help clinicians counsel their patients on the potential risks associated with its use and reveal potential health concerns related to the spread of misinformation across popular media platforms. # Capsule Summary This article offers additional insight into the formulary properties of homemade sunscreen recipes and the differentiating features from standard sunscreens. The presented information prompts experts in the field to further investigate the efficacy of homemade sunscreen alternatives and to consider the impact of scientifically unproven trends in dermatology.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Homemade sunscreen
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Formulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Social media trends
  topic: keywords
subject: Homemade sunscreen, Efficacy, Formulation, Sunscreen alternatives, Social media trends
  topic: keywords
subject: homemade sunscreen ingredients
  topic: keywords
creator: Zina Arkhipenko, BS
creator: Shailey C. Shah, BS
creator: Robin C. Yi, BS
creator: Steven R. Feldman, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
doi: 10.64550/joid.yz1h1125

Stasis Dermatitis: A Review of Differential Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Current Treatment Options
type: item
description: Stasis dermatitis (SD) is a cutaneous manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), secondary to venous hypertension. It is characterized by troublesome symptoms such as erythema, edema of the lower extremities, pain, trophic changes of the skin, and pruritus, and has a significant impact on patient quality of life. Understanding the pathogenesis of SD and targeting the underlying causes of the disease are vital in ensuring appropriate treatment and management. If left untreated or inadequately managed, venous hypertension and its subsequent inflammatory processes result in further damage to the vessels and endothelium, leading to a cycle of worsening symptoms and complications which may require further treatment. SD is usually managed conservatively; however, more severe cases may require invasive interventions. Direct evidence regarding the treatment of SD is lacking and treatment options are often borrowed from therapy options used to treat CVI and other types of dermatitis. It is important to acknowledge that SD is a chronic disease. Although treatment alleviates symptoms and assists in preventing the progression of the disease, there is no cure. This review discusses the diagnosis, treatment and management of SD and its associated complications and how these treatment options relate to its pathogenesis.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: chronic venous insufficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: stasis dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadar Lev-Tov, MD
creator: Gary S Friedman, MD
creator: Itai Ophir, MD
creator: Bonnie Vlahos, MBA, BSN, RN
creator: Gang Wang, MD, PhD
creator: Robert Norman, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2025-03-20
publication date: 2025-03-20
doi: 10.64550/joid.m2pj2c69

Manipulating the Microbiome: What is Known, What is Unknown?
type: item
description: We are outnumbered: there are more microbes in and on our bodies than our own host cells. The microbiome is a complex system that varies between individuals and, like, fingerprints, is unique. Colonization of newborns may occur even before birth via hematogenous spread of microbes from the mother’s oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract into the intrauterine cavity. Thereafter and throughout life, gut and skin integrity play an important role in the health of the microbiome. There are multiple pathways to skin and gut dysbiosis, but the possibility of effective therapies remains promising. Abbreviations: • AD = atopic dermatitis • CoNS = coagulase-negative staphylococci • SCORAD = scoring atopic dermatitis • SA = *staphylococcus aureus*
subject: Perspective, Opinion, Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: microbiome
  topic: keywords
subject: dysbiosis
  topic: keywords
subject: gut permeability
  topic: keywords
creator: Stephanie Pintas, BS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-02-24
publication date: 2022-02-24
doi: 10.64550/joid.67ctdp77

Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent painful and deep dermal abscesses, sinus tracts, and dermal contractures. HS significantly reduces quality of life and leads to long-term sequelae impacting physical and mental well-being. Despite conventional therapies such as antibiotics and immunomodulators, management remains challenging and marked by recurrences, undesirable side effects, and financial burden. Faced with such choices, many patients seek complementary and alternative medicine modalities (CAMs). Literature on CAMs for HS is sparse and deficient in evidence-based clinical data. Several reviews cover non-pharmacological approaches to HS, however we aim to include CAMs such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). A literature search was conducted utilizing PRISMA guidelines in 8 databases on complementary and alternative therapies in HS over the last decade. No randomized controlled trials were found. However, a combination of 42 systematic reviews, retrospective and prospective studies, case series and reports were included in this review article. Results on CAMs for HS yielded a higher frequency of literature and evidence supporting lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, weight loss and dietary modifications. Other treatments that have shown some positive clinical effects include zinc, vitamin D, curcumin, TCM, Ayurveda, wound care dressings for HS lesions, and mental health management. There is currently not enough evidence to recommend the use of these CAMs for HS, but the current data is promising for future investigations and large-scale clinical trials.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Hidradenitis Suppurativa
  topic: keywords
subject: Dermatology
  topic: keywords
subject: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: CAM
  topic: keywords
subject: Integrative Dermatology
  topic: keywords
creator: Aashni Bhukhan, BS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-04-21
publication date: 2022-04-21
doi: 10.64550/joid.46083j25

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Integrative Dermatology Symposium, Sacramento, CA
type: item
description: The 4th Integrative Dermatology Symposium was held in Sacramento, California, over three days, on October 22 to October 24, 2021. The goal of the 4th annual Integrative Dermatology Symposium was to promote a dialogue between practitioners from various disciplines such as dermatologists, naturopathic doctors, and various other alternative medical practitioners to advance the field of integrative dermatology. Speakers provided evidence-based ways to supplement standard practices with an integrative approach to enhance patient care and patient satisfaction. Integrative dermatology is a burgeoning field that can benefit patients who have failed standard treatments or those who desire to complement conventional therapy. The following are the proceedings from the conference.
subject: Concise Communication
  topic: section
subject: atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: psorisis
  topic: keywords
subject: rosacea
  topic: keywords
subject: acne
  topic: keywords
subject: hidradenitis suppurativa
  topic: keywords
subject: hyperhidrosis
  topic: keywords
subject: low dose naltrexone
  topic: keywords
subject: malessezia
  topic: keywords
creator: Anastasia Shakhbazova, BA
creator: Adrianne Pan, BS
creator: Mincy Chakkalakal, MS
creator: Shivani Thacker, BS
creator: Dawnica Nadora, BS
creator: Divya Chopra, BS
creator: Raja Sivamani, MD, MS, AP
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-05-09
publication date: 2022-05-09
doi: 10.64550/joid.xss78j89

Integrative Therapies for Warts and Molluscum Contagiosum
type: item
description: Warts and molluscum contagiosum (MC) are common viral skin infections that affect individuals of all age ranges, especially those who are immunocompromised and those in close contact with others. Conventional therapies for warts and MC include cryotherapy, curettage, imiquimod, and salicylic acid. However, evidence-based treatment guidelines for warts and MC are lacking. Considering that conventional therapies may be ineffective in some cases and limited by pain, especially in the pediatric population, clinicians and patients often seek complementary and alternative therapies. This review summarizes the clinical evidence surrounding the following integrative therapies for warts and MC: cantharidin; essential oils such as those from *Backhousia citriodora*, *Melaleuca alternifolia*, and *Santalum album*; propolis; *Echinacea*; heat therapy; garlic; and oral zinc. Anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and/or immune-modulating effects of these modalities assist in clearing warts and MC. For children who tend to be more vulnerable to suggestion, hypnosis can be attempted as an alternative wart therapy.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: warts
  topic: keywords
subject: molluscum contagiosum
  topic: keywords
subject: complementary medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: alternative medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: verruca
  topic: keywords
subject: essential oil
  topic: keywords
subject: propolis
  topic: keywords
subject: hypnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative dermatology
  topic: keywords
creator: Austin Hwang, BS
creator: Andrea Rustad, BA
creator: Melissa Nickles, MD
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-06-15
publication date: 2022-06-15
doi: 10.64550/joid.qtxqdy53

A comprehensive review of topical bakuchiol for the treatment of photoaging
type: item
description: # Relevance Photoaging refers to premature aging of the skin due to chronic ultraviolet radiation. Retinoids and retinol are the mainstay treatment for photoaging but come with the potential for cutaneous side effects and concerns of teratogenicity/embryotoxicity. Hence, there is an increasing demand for retinoid-like products without significant adverse effects. Bakuchiol, a phytochemical compound derived from *Psoralea corylifolia*, a medicinal plant widely used in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has recently gained traction as a promising natural alternative to topical retinol. # Objective To review the anti-aging properties, efficacy, tolerability, and safety of topical bakuchiol compared to topical retinol for the treatment of photoaging. # Methods A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted through PubMed and EMBASE using the key terms "bakuchiol" AND " photoaging." Six abstracts and titles were screened, four articles underwent full-text review and the reference section of each article was scanned to find additional articles. The search process yielded seven articles from 2014 to 2021, which were included for analysis. # Results Comparative gene expression profiling revealed that topical bakuchiol can operate as a functional analog of topical retinol *in vitro*, with considerable advantages in safety, photostability, and ease of formulation. Across all studies reviewed, bakuchiol was effective in improving photoaging with minimal side effects on normal and sensitive skin. Bakuchiol demonstrated comparable efficacy and better tolerability than retinol when tested side-by-side. Additionally, there may be an enhanced photoprotective effect when formulated with other antioxidants. # Conclusion Topical bakuchiol can act as a functional analog of retinol and has additional antioxidant properties that are enhanced when formulated with other antioxidants. It demonstrates clinically significant similarity to topical retinol in effic…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: bakuchiol
  topic: keywords
subject: Psoralea corylifolia
  topic: keywords
subject: retinol
  topic: keywords
subject: photoaging
  topic: keywords
subject: cosmeceutical
  topic: keywords
subject: natural skincare
  topic: keywords
subject: retinoid
  topic: keywords
subject: retinoid dermatitis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah JaeHwa Park, BS
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-09-16
publication date: 2022-09-16
doi: 10.64550/joid.9jag0x17

A Clinician’s Guide to Counseling about Prescription Medication Risks in Atopic Dermatitis
type: item
description: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can cause intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. It affects one in five children worldwide and often persists into adulthood, requiring management of both acute flares as well as more proactive strategies. With the emergence of new and more powerful therapeutics in the last decade, the safety and efficacy of these treatments have been under increased scrutiny. Accordingly, the complexity for selection of an appropriate medication has greatly increased. This review aims to clearly outline the risks of medications so that clinicians can communicate them to their patients more effectively. This review will focus on the most commonly used therapies and selected therapies in late-stage development including topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, and biologics.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: treatments
  topic: keywords
subject: therapies
  topic: keywords
subject: adverse events
  topic: keywords
subject: risk
  topic: keywords
subject: side effects
  topic: keywords
creator: Austin Hwang, BS
creator: Sharon Zhao, BA
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-09-15
publication date: 2022-09-15
doi: 10.64550/joid.7gv14279

Chronic Actinic Dermatitis treatment with Dupilumab: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
type: item
description: Chronic Actinic Dermatitis (CAD), also known as photosensitivity dermatitis, is broadly defined as dermatitis with or without a pseudolymphomatous eruption in sun-exposed regions and can be very refractory to treatment. We describe a patient who failed numerous conventional therapies and finally responded to treatment with dupilumab, a biologic that targets IL-4 and IL-13.
subject: Case Study/Case Series
  topic: section
subject: dupilumab
  topic: keywords
subject: chronic actinic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: photosensitivity dermatitis
  topic: keywords
creator: Kripa Ahuja, MS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-09-16
publication date: 2022-09-16
doi: 10.64550/joid.v1banv29

Dermatological Side Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations
type: item
description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a tremendous effect on the world, causing significant morbidity and mortality amongst millions. The disease is caused by a novel respiratory virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The highly contagious transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has led to many health agencies across the globe authorizing emergency use of newly created vaccines to limit disease occurrence and severity. Due to the rapid authorization, side effects of the vaccine are continuously being investigated and explored. In this review, we provide the current data reported regarding the dermatological side effects following vaccination against COVID-19. To date, the most commonly reported cutaneous side effect is a delayed, local reaction, while the least common was one reported case of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Other conditions reported include but are not limited to, new-onset or exacerbations of conditions such as psoriasis, vitiligo, lichen planus, and bullous diseases. Almost all the conditions were resolved with supportive care, or a short course of steroids with recommendations to continue vaccination.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID19 vaccine side effects
  topic: keywords
creator: Najiba Afzal, BS
creator: Adrianne Pan, BS
creator: Anastasia Shakhbazova, BA
creator: Raja K. Sivamani, MD, MS, AP
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-09-26
publication date: 2022-09-26
doi: 10.64550/joid.saqzr289

Integrative Approaches to Skin Cancer Chemoprevention and Sun Protection: Beyond Sunscreen
type: item
description: Over time, ultraviolet radiation from the sun can inflict substantial damage to human skin. While traditional sun protective agents, including sunscreens and sunblocks, are generally considered safe and effective, limitations exist regarding their absolute benefit. With a growing concern for skin health related to sun damage, the use of complementary and alternative sun protection methods has become increasingly popular. Many studies have been conducted and evidence suggestive of a photoprotective benefit from a variety of alternative agents is accumulating. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature regarding the photoprotective and chemopreventive properties of a variety of these agents. To find relevant articles and studies, a literature review was conducted across six databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed Central, UpToDate, and Google Scholar, utilizing PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, as well as retrospective and prospective cohort studies were included in this review. While evidence supports the photoprotective properties of many of these agents (e.g., polypodium leucotomos, genistein, niacinamide, silymarin, and others), few long-term studies of these agents have been conducted resulting in a paucity of data regarding their chemopreventive effect in humans. Given the lack of available evidence, no consensus recommendations currently exist. However, with the photoprotective potential that many of these agents display, future trials may provide sufficient evidence to support their use in skin chemoprevention.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: sun protection
  topic: keywords
subject: skin cancer chemoprevention
  topic: keywords
subject: sunscreen
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative dermatology
  topic: keywords
subject: photoprotection
  topic: keywords
creator: Joseph Dodson, BS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-10-04
publication date: 2022-10-04
doi: 10.64550/joid.rt12fj47

Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Alopecia Areata
type: item
description: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the hair follicle, resulting in nonscarring hair loss. While initial therapy for AA often consists of topical and intralesional corticosteroids, some patients may also turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for additional treatment. This narrative review aims to summarize recent complementary and alternative therapies for AA.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: alopecia areata
  topic: keywords
subject: hair loss
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative dermatology
  topic: keywords
subject: complementary medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: alternative medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Austin Hwang, BS
creator: Kai Brady, MS
creator: Rachelle Liu, BA
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-11-25
publication date: 2022-11-25
doi: 10.64550/joid.rh9h5v17

Hypochlorous Acid: Applications in Dermatology
type: item
description: # Relevance Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a weak acid and powerful oxidant traditionally used as an active ingredient in various sanitizers and disinfectants. HClO is produced endogenously from activated leukocytes, and it was first exogenously synthesized in 1834, later to be used medicinally as a wound disinfectant during World War I and II. # Objective In this review, we aim to review the literature assessing the efficacy and safety of dermatologic uses of topical hypochlorous acid. # Methods A PubMed search for articles with the following keywords was performed: “hypochlorous acid” AND “dermatology” OR “dermis” OR “dermal.” Forty-one reports were included in the efficacy and safety analysis. # Results Hypochlorous acid exhibits antimicrobial properties and has been demonstrated to promote re-epithelialization in wound healing with low cytotoxicity to keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Recent work has highlighted its anti-inflammatory properties via modulation of the NF-kβ signaling pathway and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines; reports have discussed its application for the management of various inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. # Conclusion Dermatologic application of hypochlorous acid includes infection prevention, wound care and scar management, inflammatory modulation, treatment in atopic dermatitis and pruritus. Emerging research has discussed potential applications in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and tumor suppression.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: hypochlorous acid
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative dermatology
  topic: keywords
subject: wound healing
  topic: keywords
subject: scar management
  topic: keywords
subject: infection
  topic: keywords
subject: atopic dermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: pruritus
  topic: keywords
creator: Nicole Natarelli, BA
creator: Yvonne Nong, MS
creator: Jessica Maloh, ND
creator: Raja Sivamani, MD, MS, AP
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-12-13
publication date: 2022-12-13
doi: 10.64550/joid.1d4y5r09

Integrative approaches to hyperpigmentation therapy
type: item
description: Hyperpigmentation involves darkening of skin due to increased production of melanin and encompasses a wide range of dermatologic conditions, including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, and periorbital melanosis. The etiologies of hyperpigmentation may be inherited, acquired, or congenital. There are multiple approaches for treating hyperpigmentation, including conventional therapeutics and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). There is a growing body of literature investigating the uses of these alternative therapies in patients with hyperpigmentation, which can be broadly organized into three major groups: 1) minimally invasive treatments, 2) plant-based therapies, and 3) natural antioxidants. CAMs offer relatively low-risk and readily available treatment options for patients seeking to manage hyperpigmentation. The use of these alternative therapies has gained substantial traction in recent years. These therapies may be especially beneficial for patients who have not achieved favorable clinical outcomes using conventional treatments alone. A greater understanding of the various integrative approaches available for treating hyperpigmentation can allow providers to make the most informed recommendations and help ensure the best health outcomes for patients.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: hyperpigmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: complementary
  topic: keywords
subject: alternative
  topic: keywords
subject: therapeutics
  topic: keywords
subject: naturopathic
  topic: keywords
creator: Sareena Shah
creator: Rohan M. Shah, BA
creator: Shrey Patel, BS
creator: Shiv Patel, BA
creator: Sahil Doshi, BA
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2022-12-22
publication date: 2022-12-22
doi: 10.64550/joid.8hakh229

Lifestyle Modifications for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Beyond Diet: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by deep-seated, inflamed nodules. In order to improve the quality of life in patients impacted by this chronic and debilitating disease, it is important to increase one’s understanding about HS and its treatment beyond the traditional therapies. The purpose of this review is to gather data pertaining to lifestyle factors and their association with HS to provide recommendations that optimize traditional treatments for HS patients. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases. There was a total of 50 studies included in the review, including 2 meta-analyses, 2 prospective, 2 cross-sectional, 6 case-control, 8 case reports, and 12 retrospective studies. Lifestyle factors associated with HS included psychological stress, mechanical stress, sleep quality, substance use, and smoking. HS patients have increased odds of having anxiety, poor sleep, and substance-related disorders. Minimizing mechanical stress and advocating for smoking cessation may help with HS flares. This review features other lifestyle factors beyond weight and diet that are infrequently discussed as exacerbating or affecting HS disease. Clinicians are encouraged to screen for psychological comorbidities, substance-related disorders, and sleep disorders to provide patients with an integrated multidisciplinary care model for HS to optimally manage symptoms and comorbidities.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: lifestyle
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative dermatology
  topic: keywords
subject: psychosocial dermatology
  topic: keywords
subject: hidradenitis suppurativa
  topic: keywords
subject: substance abuse
  topic: keywords
subject: sleep
  topic: keywords
subject: smoking
  topic: keywords
subject: smoking cessation
  topic: keywords
creator: Marina Perper, MD
creator: Carol Sanchez, BS
creator: Amit Garg, MD
creator: Heather Woolery-Lloyd, MD
creator: Jonette Keri, MD, PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2023-01-19
publication date: 2023-01-19
doi: 10.64550/joid.k38tqp21

Dermoscopy: Past and Present
type: item
description: The origin of dermoscopy can be traced back to the middle of the 17^th^ century. Early contributions from Pierre Borel led to later refinement of the technique by physicians in the 19^th^ and 20^th^ centuries. In the 21^st^ century, the popularity of dermoscopy has risen rapidly. Evidence-based approaches, improvements in technique, and growing indications led to its near complete integration within the field of dermatology. This article not only serves to explore the major contributors and events that took place during the evolution of dermoscopy, but also serves to review dermoscopy's growing indications and modernization.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Dermoscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: Dermatoscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Pigmented lesions
  topic: keywords
subject: Melanoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Skin cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostics
  topic: keywords
creator: Joseph Dodson, BS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
doi: 10.64550/joid.5e3h0388

The role of trace elements in dermatology: a systematic review
type: item
description: # Background Trace Elements (TEs) have a multitude of important functions in the skin, including maintaining structural integrity, mitigating oxidative damage, and accelerating wound healing. TEs have been used as primary or additional treatment in dermatologic disorders. Though TEs are vital to homeostasis, consumption over a threshold can lead to toxicity. # Objective This review aims to discuss the role of trace elements in the treatment of dermatological conditions as well as the potential side effects and toxicities of such therapies. # Methods This review was conducted by doing an extensive literature search of multiple sources, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MedLine. # Results Thermal Spring Water and Dead Sea Mud take advantage of the positive roles of trace elements in dermatology. In wound healing and collagen synthesis, zinc and copper have vital roles. Selenium inhibits tyrosinase at the cutaneous level. Silica supports the connective tissue matrix, but excess supplementation can have detrimental side effects. Topical strontium may be used to reduce pruritus. # Conclusion Trace minerals are imperative for healthy skin function. The lack of trace minerals may lead to premature graying, increased inflammation, and systemic evidence of oxidative damage.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Trace Elements
  topic: keywords
subject: Minerals
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapeutic Dosage
  topic: keywords
subject: Toxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Dead Sea Salts
  topic: keywords
subject: Zinc
  topic: keywords
subject: Copper
  topic: keywords
subject: Selenium.
  topic: keywords
subject: strontium
  topic: keywords
creator: Kripa Ahuja, MS
creator: Peter Lio, MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Dermatology
date: 2023-05-01
publication date: 2023-05-01
doi: 10.64550/joid.pgpw1281